when designing hot water recirculating systems, the water temperature in the recirculating piping becomes a major factor for consideration

A hot water recirculating system is designed to minimize the time required to have hot water flow through a plumbing fixture. While a recirculating system increases the amount of energy required to operate a hot water distribution system, it greatly reduces the amount of water wasted to bleed the cold water from the hot water lines. When designing such a system, an important question is, "What temperature should the water be in the recirculating piping?"

Many plumbing codes require a hot water recirculating system or other form of hot water temperature maintenance when the hot water distribution piping exceeds a certain distance from the source ...

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